野生猕猴桃实生后代株系对溃疡病的抗性及果实品质

为猕猴桃种质资源的开发和利用提供参考，以野生黄肉猕猴桃实生苗为试材，采用大田病圃法对198份黄肉野生猕猴桃实生株系连续4年进行田间溃疡病抗性监测，以明确不同野生猕猴桃实生后代株系对溃疡病的抗性差异，并对野生猕猴桃实生株系中60株雌株果实风味进行初步品评。结果表明：猕猴桃实生苗后代对溃疡病的抗性不同。其中，高抗、中抗、耐病、感病和高感株系所占总体比例分别为11.16%、24.75%、29.80%、28.28%和5.56%，初步筛选出12株抗病性较强的雌株株系和10株抗病性较强的雄株株系。结合猕猴桃单果重、果实品质及对溃疡病抗性等方面，筛选出4株优良抗性雌株实生苗为株系13-3-2、13-6-11、13-11-1和13-11-21，其可溶性固形物含量均在14.5%以上，风味好，Vc含量均显著高于母本，分别较母本高18.14%、105.3%、65.21%和11.34%。     

Policy options for Agriculture Green Development by farmers in China

Farmers are the key agents who manage land and water. Agriculture Green Development (AGD) requires a transformation in farming from high resource consumption and environmental cost to sustainable intensification with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental risk. This paper analyzes the public policy challenge of AGD and makes the case for a location-sensitive policy mix made up of regulation, advice provision, voluntarism and targeted incentives. The public agricultural extension service in China is a key resource, but one that requires reorientation and reform with the aim of better balancing high farm productivity with environmental protection.     

Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation

The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.     

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N₂O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.     

Agriculture Green Development: a model for China and the world

Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.     

中职学校果蔬花卉生产技术专业群发展研究基地建设的构想与策略 --以广西玉林农业学校为例S

由于我们国家农业经济发展十分的迅速,这就为中职学校现代农业实用型人才的就业提供了更多的机会,与此同时,教学的质量和实践水平也面临着更大的挑战,中职学校要提升自身的教学实践水平,为农业发展提供更优质的人才。要想使得中职学校果蔬花卉生产技术专业发展实践行之有效,能够更大程度的培养现代农业技术技能人才,就必须要注重中职院校农类专业群发展研究基地的建设,提升中职院校教学质量。此文,将以广西玉林农业学校为例,通过描述中职学校果蔬花卉生产技术专业群发展研究基地建设的背景,进一步的探索中职学校果蔬花卉生产技术专业群发展研究基地的功能,发现其存在的问题,提出进一步促进其构建发展的策略。     

不同贮藏温度结合热处理对黄瓜品质及生理生化指标的影响

利用二次回归正交旋转组合设计测出的不同贮藏温度（2、4和8℃）下各自对应的最佳热处理条件，研究不同贮藏温度（2、4和8℃）结合其对应的最佳热处理条件对贮藏期间黄瓜果实品质及生理生化指标的影响，分别对该贮藏条件下黄瓜果实的冷害、硬度、失重率、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、可溶性蛋白、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、H₂O₂、超氧阴离子自由基O^2-?、ASA和GSH含量进行测定。结果表明，热处理可以抑制冷害，而热处理结合4℃低温贮藏可以有效地抑制黄瓜果实硬度和失重率的下降，延缓过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的上升，抑制H₂O₂和超氧阴离子自由基O^2-?的上升，对黄瓜的褐变有显著抑制作用，延缓抗坏血酸的下降，维持还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量，有利于调节活性氧系统的平衡。研究表明，在4℃贮藏条件下，黄瓜的热水处理条件为39.4℃、24.3 min时，可延缓黄瓜果实的衰老，较好地保持了果实的品质。     

基于二次正交旋转组合设计的西葫芦果实 贮前热处理条件的优化

为明确热水处理减轻西葫芦果实冷害的最佳处理条件，以“绿丰”西葫芦为材料，电解质外渗率y为冷害的表征指标，在单因素试验基础上，采用二次正交旋转组合试验设计，研究热处理温度x₁、热处理时间x₂对西葫芦果实表征函数影响，并经统计分析，建立数学模型。 结果表明，所得回归方程为y= 142.608 647-0.690 821x₂ + 0.051 444 x₁² + 0.007 499 x₂²，达到极显著水平，且无失拟因素存在；在热处理（43.3℃、28.4 min）的最佳工艺条件下，于（4±0.5）℃低温下胁迫10 d后西葫芦果实电解质外渗率实测值为33.41%，与理论值相对误差为0.95%，较未处理组降低了27.26%。该试验优化西葫芦果实冷害减轻的热处理工艺参数准确可靠、稳定、可行，为西葫芦采后贮藏技术与果蔬冷害防治的进一步研究提供了一定的技术依据。     

以执业助理医师考试为导向的口腔医学实践教学改革探索

实践教学是口腔医学专业教育过程中的重要环节,也是口腔医学专业学生从理论转向实践,逐渐接触临床,顺利顶岗实习,由学生向医生转换角色的重要步骤。作为应用型本科院校的专科专业,需要更新实践教学理念。以历年助理医师考试大纲为准绳,逐步探索与规范实践教学内容;以助理医师考试标准为目标,提高教学水平,建设校内校外教学基地,优化实践平台,拓展实践课程;以助理医师考试流程为标准,逐年完善实践技能考试模式。